Cryptography and Delegator: Difference between pages

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(Created page with "<div class="mikio-article-content"> <div class="mikio-tags"> </div> <span id="kriptografija"></span> = Криптография = <div class="level1"> '''Криптография''' (от «скрытый» + «пишу») — наука о методах, которые позволяют обеспечить: <ol> <li><div class="li"> конфиденциальность (невозможность прочтения информации посторонним)...")
 
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<span id="kriptografija"></span>
'''Delegator'''
= Криптография =


<div class="level1">
The user who bonds the funds is called a delegator.


'''Криптография''' (от «скрытый» + «пишу») — наука о методах, которые позволяют обеспечить:
Delegation is a transaction in the Decimal network in which funds are blocked on the user's account, while increasing the stake of the selected Validator. Any user of the network can bond their coins to DEL, as well as any custom coins issued on the Decimal network.


<ol>
The delegation process can be called bonding (from the English ““binding””) and the opposite action - unbondig (from the English. ““untying””).
<li><div class="li">


конфиденциальность (невозможность прочтения информации посторонним);
Why bond coins?


</div></li>
By bonding funds, each user increases the validator's stake. The larger the total stake of the validator, the more blocks he will sign and the more rewards the validator and his delegators will receive. The accrual of remuneration occurs only on delegated funds.
<li><div class="li">


целостность данных (невозможность незаметного изменения информации);
Is it safe to bond coins?


</div></li>
Technically, when bonding, the validator does not get access to the delegator's funds since these funds actually remain in the delegator's account. Delegated coins are linked (bonded) to the validator's balance, while the owner of the coins simply cannot dispose of the delegated funds until he unbonds them from the validator with the appropriate request. The validator does not have access to the delegate coins and cannot withdraw or spend them.
<li><div class="li">


аутентификацию (проверку подлинности авторства или иных свойств объекта);
Is it possible to lose delegated funds?


</div></li>
Despite the fact that when delegating, the coins remain with the user, although they are blocked from use and are not displayed on the balance, the delegated amount may be reduced due to the fine imposed on the validator in some cases:
<li><div class="li">


шифрование (кодировку данных).
Penalty for skipping blocks


</div></li></ol>
For skipping 12 blocks (out of the last 24), the validator is fined 1% of the entire node stake. Also, this node is excluded from the active ones and stops signing new blocks. During downtime, delegators are not charged a delegation fee.


1.Penalty for double signature For signing 2 different blocks of the same height during the rounds of verification and voting for a block of candidates, a fine of 5% of the stake is imposed on the validator. User funds are not released from the fined validator, but the validator node is forcibly deactivated. To return, the validator must reactivate the node. During downtime, delegators are not charged the bonding fee.


</div>
What if the validator shuts down? If, for some reason, the validator disconnects the node for a long period of time or forever, then no rewards will be accrued. At the same time, all funds remain delegated until the delegator creates a transaction for partitioning. After that, the funds will be displayed on the balance after 432,000 blocks (~ 30 days).
<span id="istorija"></span>
= История =
 
<div class="level1">
 
Тексты начали шифровать уже в третьем тысячелетии до нашей эры. И в Римской империи, и в Средневековье важные сообщения и военные приказы зашифровывались.
 
Например, Юлий Цезарь для своих сообщений использовал очень простую форму криптографии, известную как «шифр сдвига». Каждая буква в его тексте была заменена на третью следующую в алфавите. Таким образом, вместо A он писал D. Получатель должен был знать код шифра, чтобы прочитать нужные слова.
 
Во время Второй мировой войны для шифрования сообщений уже использовались специальные устройства — криптография стала сложнее. Военным понадобилось несколько лет, чтобы разгадать ключи и читать сообщения других стран.
 
Сегодня криптография способна намного надёжнее гарантировать безопасность информации, а шифры, которые когда-то использовал Цезарь, сегодня можно разгадать за пару секунд.
 
 
</div>
<span id="simmetrichnoe_i_asimmetrichnoe_shifrovanie"></span>
= Симметричное и асимметричное шифрование =
 
<div class="level1">
 
В современной криптографии различают симметричное и асимметричное шифрование.
 
'''Симметричное шифрование''' заключается в том, что обе стороны-участники обмена данными имеют абсолютно одинаковые ключи для шифрования и расшифровки данных.
 
При симметричном шифровании отправители и получатели используют одинаковый ключ — как в шифрованных письмах Цезаря. Для этого ключ должен быть известен обеим сторонам, соответственно, одна передаёт его другой в незашифрованном виде.
 
'''Асимметричное шифрование''' предполагает использовать в паре два разных ключа — открытый и секретный (закрытый). В данном способе ключи работают в паре: если данные шифруются открытым ключом, то расшифровать их можно только соответствующим секретным ключом, а также наоборот — если данные шифруются секретным ключом, то расшифровать их можно только соответствующим открытым ключом. Использовать открытый ключ из одной пары и секретный из другой невозможно, так как каждая пара асимметричных ключей связана математическими зависимостями.


'''''Криптография знает много различных методов шифрования данных. Многие из них основаны на сложных математических структурах, таких как эллиптические кривые, кольца и конечные тела.'''''
Bonding fee On the Decimal blockchain, the transaction fee consists of the amount of a fixed rate per transaction type and the cost of a unit of transaction volume in bytes.


Fixed rate: 1 unit = 0.001 DEL Fee for delegation is - 200 units - 0.2 DEL


</div>
How to choose a validator? Before bonding your funds, you need to select a Validator according to various criteria:
<span id="kriptoanarxizm"></span>
= Криптоанархизм =


<div class="level1">
Validator's fee. It doesn't matter which of the validators you delegate your funds to - you will receive the same remuneration. But each Validator can set his commission from 0 to 100% of the awards paid to his delegates. After the node is launched, the validator cannot change its fees, so it is more profitable to choose the validator with the lowest fee.


'''Криптоанархизм''' — философия, которая призывает к использованию криптографии для защиты приватности и личной свободы.
The reliability of the Validator. The validator invests real money in servers and other conditions for uninterrupted Internet connection, because otherwise he will lose his profit and the profit of his delegates due to fines. It is necessary to approach this issue seriously and study the history of fines already received from the validator (if there were any) and see information about the technical and software equipment of the node.


Термин впервые появился в 1993 году в статье Стивена Леви, в которой он рассказывал о назревающем движении шифропанков и концентрации данных в руках крупных корпораций.
Bonuses, promotions, cashbacks To attract delegators to their node, each validator can offer various bonuses, for example, cashback in the form of a daily refund of part of the commission to the delegate's account.


Криптоанархисты создают виртуальные сообщества, где каждый участник остаётся анонимным до тех пор, пока сам не пожелает себя раскрыть.
How many coins to bond?


Each Validator has 1000 delegation slots. Each separate slot is designed to place funds from 1 delegator in a separate coin. Let's assume that the delegator sends 2 amounts: 1000 DEL and 1000 SOMEcoin. In this case, it will take 2 slots. If the delegator sends 1000 DEL first, and then another 2000 DEL, then these coins are summed up in 1 slot. All slots are sorted by size in terms of DEL. After all 1000 slots are occupied by the validator, there is a limit on the amount of delegated funds. Any new 1001 delegator cannot assign an amount less than the amount in slot number 1000. When a new delegator sends an amount greater than in slot number 1000, then his funds take their place ““knocking out”” a smaller stake. Funds from slot No. 1000 are separated and immediately returned (unblocked) to the delegator's account. You can view information about the number of occupied slots from validators in the console. Go to the ““Browser”” and select the ““Validators”” tab, there you will see a list of all validators and information about them.


</div>
<span id="shifropanki"></span>
= Шифропанки =


<div class="level1">
Шифропанки — неформальная группа людей, интересующихся криптографией и заинтересованных в сохранении анонимности. Первоначально шифропанки общались с помощью сети анонимных ремейлеров, а целью данной группы было достижение анонимности и безопасности посредством активного использования криптографии.
Термин «шифропанк» впервые употребила Джуд Милхон в качестве игры слов в адрес группы криптоанархистов.
</div>
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  [[Category::Commoninfo]]
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  [[Category:Economic]]

Revision as of 08:31, 12 May 2022


Delegator

The user who bonds the funds is called a delegator.

Delegation is a transaction in the Decimal network in which funds are blocked on the user's account, while increasing the stake of the selected Validator. Any user of the network can bond their coins to DEL, as well as any custom coins issued on the Decimal network.

The delegation process can be called bonding (from the English ““binding””) and the opposite action - unbondig (from the English. ““untying””).

Why bond coins?

By bonding funds, each user increases the validator's stake. The larger the total stake of the validator, the more blocks he will sign and the more rewards the validator and his delegators will receive. The accrual of remuneration occurs only on delegated funds.

Is it safe to bond coins?

Technically, when bonding, the validator does not get access to the delegator's funds since these funds actually remain in the delegator's account. Delegated coins are linked (bonded) to the validator's balance, while the owner of the coins simply cannot dispose of the delegated funds until he unbonds them from the validator with the appropriate request. The validator does not have access to the delegate coins and cannot withdraw or spend them.

Is it possible to lose delegated funds?

Despite the fact that when delegating, the coins remain with the user, although they are blocked from use and are not displayed on the balance, the delegated amount may be reduced due to the fine imposed on the validator in some cases:

Penalty for skipping blocks

For skipping 12 blocks (out of the last 24), the validator is fined 1% of the entire node stake. Also, this node is excluded from the active ones and stops signing new blocks. During downtime, delegators are not charged a delegation fee.

1.Penalty for double signature For signing 2 different blocks of the same height during the rounds of verification and voting for a block of candidates, a fine of 5% of the stake is imposed on the validator. User funds are not released from the fined validator, but the validator node is forcibly deactivated. To return, the validator must reactivate the node. During downtime, delegators are not charged the bonding fee.

What if the validator shuts down? If, for some reason, the validator disconnects the node for a long period of time or forever, then no rewards will be accrued. At the same time, all funds remain delegated until the delegator creates a transaction for partitioning. After that, the funds will be displayed on the balance after 432,000 blocks (~ 30 days).

Bonding fee On the Decimal blockchain, the transaction fee consists of the amount of a fixed rate per transaction type and the cost of a unit of transaction volume in bytes.

Fixed rate: 1 unit = 0.001 DEL Fee for delegation is - 200 units - 0.2 DEL

How to choose a validator? Before bonding your funds, you need to select a Validator according to various criteria:

Validator's fee. It doesn't matter which of the validators you delegate your funds to - you will receive the same remuneration. But each Validator can set his commission from 0 to 100% of the awards paid to his delegates. After the node is launched, the validator cannot change its fees, so it is more profitable to choose the validator with the lowest fee.

The reliability of the Validator. The validator invests real money in servers and other conditions for uninterrupted Internet connection, because otherwise he will lose his profit and the profit of his delegates due to fines. It is necessary to approach this issue seriously and study the history of fines already received from the validator (if there were any) and see information about the technical and software equipment of the node.

Bonuses, promotions, cashbacks To attract delegators to their node, each validator can offer various bonuses, for example, cashback in the form of a daily refund of part of the commission to the delegate's account.

How many coins to bond?

Each Validator has 1000 delegation slots. Each separate slot is designed to place funds from 1 delegator in a separate coin. Let's assume that the delegator sends 2 amounts: 1000 DEL and 1000 SOMEcoin. In this case, it will take 2 slots. If the delegator sends 1000 DEL first, and then another 2000 DEL, then these coins are summed up in 1 slot. All slots are sorted by size in terms of DEL. After all 1000 slots are occupied by the validator, there is a limit on the amount of delegated funds. Any new 1001 delegator cannot assign an amount less than the amount in slot number 1000. When a new delegator sends an amount greater than in slot number 1000, then his funds take their place ““knocking out”” a smaller stake. Funds from slot No. 1000 are separated and immediately returned (unblocked) to the delegator's account. You can view information about the number of occupied slots from validators in the console. Go to the ““Browser”” and select the ““Validators”” tab, there you will see a list of all validators and information about them.